NATIONAL HARBOR,
Md. — As head of expeditionary warfare at the Naval Information Warfare Center
Atlantic, Kevin Charlow constantly is on the lookout for ways to share good
results with as many potential users as possible. 

“We’re focused on
trying to deliver capability to the fleet faster — by leveraging our exercise
and prototype efforts,” Charlow said during a May 7 interview at Sea-Air-Space
2019. 

To that end,
Charlow pointed to a recent case involving a precision navigation unit developed
for a U.S. Special Operations Command (SOCOM) combat craft. It turned out that
the Marine Corps had a need for a similar unit, for use in its Amphibious
Assault Vehicles (AAV). 

“We were able to
take that integrated navigation and control capability — one of our SOCOM
projects – and leverage that with the Marine Corps AAV,” Charlow said.
“Basically, one sponsor funded a solution we’re now sharing with another, and
we have a potential win for the warfighters.”

The Marines are testing
the system now in Charleston, South Carolina, harbor. 

“Pressing forward,
we want to deliver C4ISR [command, control, communications, computer,
intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance], and its system and engineering
services and solutions, to our major sponsors,” Charlow said.   

The Navy, Marine
Corps and SOCOM are primary benefactors, but the Naval Information Warfare center
has helped the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army as well. 

Besides
advances in development of C4ISR prototypes, the center has awarded some $9
million in funding for 20 innovation projects for fiscal year 2019, which began
Oct. 1. Its engineers also built and installed a more robust firewall in the
Marine Corps’ SIPR (secret internet protocol router) network. The center was
able to fulfill an urgent need for the Marines within 10 months.

NATIONAL HARBOR,
Md. — The nation’s strategic sealift has languished for too many years, a panel
of experts told an audience May 7 at Sea-Air-Space 2019. And the panel,
representing the military and civilian sea services, told the morning program attendees
that the time for revitalizing sealift is now. 

Countering the
somewhat bleak picture they drew, they all expressed optimism with the fact
that the issue is finally garnering the attention it deserves. 

“We are facing one
of the greatest maritime challenges in U.S. history,” said Kevin Toharsky, the
associate administrator of the U.S. Maritime Administration, who moderated the
panel. “The good news is the sea power we need … is back on the radar screen.”

Toharsky outlined
the significant decline in the number of U.S.-flagged merchant ships, which
meant the loss of jobs for mariners. The commercial fleet is essential to the
nation’s commerce and national security, he said. Commercial cargo of fuel and
goods rely on it, as does the military. In contrast, potential adversaries like
China are bolstering their maritime industries — and their world presence in
the process, he said. 

“I’m encouraged by
the greater awareness … and the conversation about the problem,” said Coast
Guard Rear Adm. John Nadeau, who is assistant commandant for prevention policy. 

Resolution,
however, “won’t be easy,” Nadeau said. “The material condition [of the merchant
fleet] didn’t happen overnight and won’t be corrected overnight.”

Ensuring that the
parties involved — including military and commercial stakeholders — are
striking the right partnerships, engaging in transparency and carrying out open
and frank dialogues, will set the nation on the right track, Nadeau said. 

“We need industry
support,” said Erica Plath, the Navy’s director of strategic mobility, as she
described the Navy’s plans to modernize its fleet of deep-sea transports through
the acquisition of both new and refurbished older vessels.

Chris Thayer, director
of ship management at Military Sealift Command, alluded to a downward trend in
available sealift capacity during the past two years. 

The command is
implementing a “robust effort” to restore readiness that would require a
holistic approach to address aging ships and construction and refurbishment
efforts as well as crew-training requirements. 

Capt. Christian Spain, vice president of government relations for the American Maritime Officers Union, said revitalization is essential if the nation intends to address the current shortage of 1,800 merchant seamen.

“It doesn’t affect
sealift at the initial [point],” Spain said. “But at four to six months, it
does.” 

Similar to submarines, merchant ships require two crews that rotate sea tours, Spain said. The crew shortage figure has been steady since 2013, he said, but would increase to 2,000 within the next two to three years if not addressed.

“The time is now,” Spain said.

NATIONAL HARBOR, Md. — As the nation grapples with striking a balance between competing with great power challenges and preparing for the possibility of conflict, the Indo-Pacific region poses perhaps the most significant challenge, Dr. Mara Karlin believes.

Karlin, director
of strategic studies at the Johns Hopkins School of International Studies, made
that observation as she introduced a panel of four military and civilian
government experts, each of whom plays a key role in formulating related
policies in the region. 

It stands to
reason that each panelist recognized the increasing threats posed by China and
Russia. Still, they noted that the matrix is considerably more complicated.
Eyes cannot be focused on the two large superpowers at the expense of other
friendly nations in the region. Also, while China and Russia loom as potential
adversaries, it is imperative that the U.S. and its partners work as closely
together with them on areas of common interest. 

Representing the
Coast Guard and Marine Corps, Vice Adm. Linda Fagan and Gayle Von Eckartsburg discussed
how each respective service shares a forward-deployed mission that makes their
presence essential in the Pacific. Both Fagan and Von Eckartsburg emphasized
that neither service is a “garrison force.”

“The Coast Guard
has never been more relevant,” said Fagan, the service’s Pacific Area
commander. “The demand for the signal we bring into the region has never been
higher.”

Besides watching
Chinese and Russian activities and fostering goodwill among allies, Fagan
placed equal importance in “modeling legitimate behavior,” so that “China can
see what a responsible Coast Guard looks like.” 

If the Chinese can
learn from the U.S. Coast Guard how to conduct, for example, more effective
search-and-rescue operations, so be it. 

Von Eckartsburg,
director of the Marine Corps Pacific Division office of Plans, Policy and
Operations, described a “persistent forward force.” Of the roughly 40,000
Marines now deployed around the world, the vast majority is west of the
International Dateline, she said. 

“We’re in a constant state of motion, leveraging presence to maintain readiness
at the same time,” Von Eckartsburg said. 

Joel Szabat the
Assistant Secretary of Transportation for Aviation and International Affairs,
discussed the three most important “pillars” of stability in the region –
economy, governance and security. 

“We need to
remember that this is not about containing or encircling any one country,”
Szabat said. “We want to help people, regardless of who our competitors are.”

Security commitments
with U.S. allies would assure the free flow of commerce, Szabat said. The
nation faces significant related challenges in this arena, he believes. U.S.
sealift is old and needs to be recapitalized, he said. The size of the U.S.
merchant fleet, which handles much of the military’s sealift capability, is
good enough for small-to-medium operations. 

“We don’t have
enough mariners, or U.S.-flagged merchant marine,” Szabat said.  

Walter Douglas,
who heads the State Department Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, cited
an Asian Development Bank statistic that states the region needs an estimated
$1.7 trillion in investment to sustain healthy economic growth. 

“There’s nowhere
near that amount of money available in one state,” Szabat said. 

The emphasis,
then, would be to have “money centers” and corporations step in with
“transparent” investments. The government and private sectors would ensure that
such funding would not be subject to the troubles endemic to secret
deals. 

“That money gets
spent in the wrong places,” Szabat said. “We can’t have that. We need open
governance. We have to see [to it] that investment laws are transparent.”

Equally
imperative, Douglas said, is working to ensure that investments are evenly
distributed. While putting money into traditional stable partners like Japan,
Australia and Singapore would remain important, more could be done to help open
emerging economies. He said that Vietnam, for example, badly wants help
developing its infrastructure – from anywhere but China.  

NATIONAL HARBOR, Md. — The Coast Guard’s foreign military sales program is fostering good relations with partner nations, increasing maritime governance and saving money, according to the program’s director, Tod Reinert.

Speaking before a show floor audience on May 6 during Sea-Air-Space 2019 at National Harbor, Maryland, Reinert also described how foreign sales of aging Coast Guard vessels is keeping U.S. vendors busy with replenishment and refurbishment contracts — all necessary to ensure that the new owners have hale platforms with which to pursue their missions.

The foreign
military sales program is “extending production lines, sharing overhead costs
and [sustaining] a robust vendor base,” Reinert said. 

The Coast Guard
has delivered more than 540 “assets,” worth more than $1 billion, to 75 partner
nations during the past 20 years. The list of benefactors is long. Bangladesh,
Vietnam, Yemen and Saudi Arabia got response boats. The Philippines received
riverine boats, and Tunisia got near-shore patrol boats. U.S. Central Command
stands to take possession of retired medium-response boats as well.

Recipient nations
stand to take ownership of decommissioned high-endurance cutters, Island-class
patrol boats, medium-endurance cutters and patrol boats — in a time frame
generally beginning sometime next year and spanning into 2024, Reinert
said. 

These countries
must rely upon their acquisitions to conduct search-and-rescue, maritime
safety, law enforcement and national defense missions akin to those the Coast
Guard performs every day — the cornerstones of its mission to protect the
nation’s 95,000 nautical miles of coastline, Reinert said.

NATIONAL HARBOR, Md. — Like every other entity that relies upon technology to do its job, the Navy has to constantly contend with systems that fail or become outdated. When such systems are situated on ships that could be situated anywhere in the world, the challenge potentially becomes even more acute.

Andover, Massachusetts-based Mercury Systems thinks they have the answer to the conundrum. Building on the company’s years of experience working with numerous Navy programs, most notably the Aegis Combat System, they believe that a modular approach offers the best method of ensuring seamless functionality. With that, Mercury Systems introduced its second-generation Intel Xeon scalable processors at Sea-Air-Space 2019.

“Commercial
products go obsolete, and technology changes too fast,” said Rick Studley,
chief of technologies for Mercury Systems Trusted Missions Solutions in
Chantilly, Virginia, during a Monday interview.

Mercury Systems
provides hardware on nearly every surface combatant big-deck ship and submarine
in the Navy. With its modular approach, the company’s products allow for
switching out old or broken components for new ones in complex systems without
changing shock isolation, power or cooling already in place. 

“We can abstract
applications from underlining hardware, making the technology insertion much
easier,” Studley said. 

Moreover, with the
presence of multiple virtual machines, systems can run on smaller sets of
hardware — saving valuable shipboard space. This is done by running “virtual
twin” systems in parallel with existing ones, for example, on a system like
Aegis. The “twin” systems can take passive taps from the actual system — data
from sensors, with the weapon system’s actual code. In simplistic terms, the
“twin” can integrate with the actual server. Over time, tactical servers, which
are bare-metal and redundant, would evolve into fully virtualized systems,
Studley said. 

“The goal is to move away from redundancy and toward resiliency, so that no single element in the system is so important that you can’t afford to lose it [and still function],” he said.

[and still function]

“It’s totally
modularized and virtualized. You accept that failures are going to happen, but
your machine keeps working,” Studley said. “The system heals itself around
these failures.” 

The process allows
for greater sharing of technology across platforms, applications and systems,
Studley said. The Navy would save money by having an infrastructure that is
easily upgraded, managed and deployed, he added. 

NATIONAL HARBOR, Md. — If the U.S. Navy hopes to thwart cyber attackers, the sea service will need industry’s help. Capt. Ann Casey intends to garner as much of this outside help as possible.

“We want the ability to do a more advanced hunt,” Casey said May 6 during an interview at the Navy League’s Sea-Air-Space conference.

As director of information and capability at the Fort Meade, Maryland-based
Fleet Cyber Command, Casey intends to find experts attending the show that
would help “look inside our own networks at a more advanced level than we
currently do.”

Industry hopefully can provide assistance in fostering advances in
artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), Casey said.

The processes involve “getting a machine to do some computations
that can assist users,” Casey said. “Our sensors get a large amount of data. We
want machines to parse that data and tell us what’s important.”

Casey’s role is an integral part of a U.S. Defense Department-wide
effort, spearheaded by the newly created Joint Artificial Information Center. The
effort entails seeking protections for all the Navy’s cyberspace operations,
including communications systems. The process involves a bit more than merely
stopping hackers, she said.

“If you’re using McAfee or Symantec [on a personal computer], you
don’t care who’s hacking you — you just want it to stop,” Casey said.

The Navy, on the other hand, cannot take such a simplistic
approach.

“We care about tactics, techniques and procedures — in other
words, who’s hacking us,” Casey said. “We’re looking for ways in the future to
prevent it.”

Casey’s shop also is part of the effort to conduct offensive cyber
operations, should it be ordered to do so.

“The best dialogue I
can have would be if somebody from industry is presenting a new approach,
particularly in cybersecurity,” Casey said. “After having a conversation, I
would go back and engage our entire community. On an as-needed basis, we could
invite the contractor to come back and speak to us — sometimes in a classified
arena.”